Chomwe chimayambitsa kukhuthala kwa kuumitsa kwa choumitsira chopopera... Momwe mungayang'anire

Chomwe chimayambitsa kukhuthala kwa kuumitsa kwa choumitsira chopopera... Momwe mungayang'anire

 Chidule:

Chakudya chouma pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chosamata komanso chokhuthala. Zosakaniza zosamata n'zosavuta kupopera zouma, kapangidwe kosavuta ka choumitsira ndipo ufa womaliza umayenda bwino. Zitsanzo za zinthu zosamata ndi monga ufa wa dzira, ufa wa mkaka, mayankho ndi maltodextrin ina, chingamu ndi mapuloteni. Pankhani ya chakudya chomata, pamakhala vuto louma pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino youma pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera. Chakudya chomata nthawi zambiri chimamatira pakhoma la choumitsira, kapena chimakhala chakudya chomata chopanda ntchito m'zipinda zouma ndi m'magalimoto oyendera, ndi mavuto ochepa ogwira ntchito komanso zokolola zochepa. Zakudya za shuga ndi asidi ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino.

Viscos ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika mu njira yowumitsa chakudya chokhala ndi glycolic acid yambiri. Kukhuthala kwa ufa ndi mtundu wa kugwirana kwa mgwirizano. Imatha kufotokoza kukhuthala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kugwirizana) ndi kukhuthala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kugwirizana). Muyeso wa mphamvu yomangirira ndi tinthu ta ufa umachokera ku mawonekedwe ake amkati otchedwa kuyanjana, kupanga magulu mu bedi la ufa. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yomwe imafunika kuswa mu agglomerate ya ufa iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kugwirizana. Kugwirana ndi kugwirana ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo tinthu ta ufa timatsatira njira ya zida zoumitsira zopopera. Kugwirizana ndi kugwirana ndi zinthu ndi magawo ofunikira popanga mikhalidwe youma ndi kuuma. Kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa ndi komwe kumayambitsa kukhuthala. Kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa zinthu za pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa ndi kosiyana. Chifukwa kuumitsa kumafuna kuchuluka kwa solute kuti kusamutsidwe pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa, kumakhala kwakukulu. Makhalidwe awiri a kukhuthala (kugwirizana ndi kugwirana) amatha kukhalapo muzinthu zouma shuga wochuluka. Kukhuthala pakati pa tinthu ndi kupangika kwa milatho yamadzimadzi yokhazikika, milatho yamadzimadzi yosuntha, maunyolo amakina pakati pa mamolekyu, ndi mphamvu yokoka yamagetsi ndi milatho yolimba. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimamatirira tinthu ta ufa wa pakhoma m'chipinda choumitsira ndi kutayika kwa zinthu mu shuga wopopera ndi zakudya zokhala ndi asidi wambiri. Ufawo ukasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, umauma pakhoma.

Zimatsogolera ku viscous

SUkadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito ufa wouma chakudya wochuluka pobwezeretsanso ufa wouma. Shuga wochepa wa mamolekyulu ndi wovuta kwambiri (shuga, fructose) ndi ma organic acid (citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid). Zinthu zazing'ono za mamolekyulu monga kuyamwa madzi ambiri, kutentha kwa thermoplasticity ndi kutentha kochepa kwa vitrification transition (Tg) zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto a viscosity. Kutentha kwa spray drying kumakhala kokwera kuposa Tg20°C. Zambiri mwa zigawozi zimapanga tinthu tofewa pamwamba pa viscous, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ufa uvite, ndipo pamapeto pake amapanga phala m'malo mwa ufa. Kuyenda kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu a molekyulu iyi kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kochepa kwa vitrification transition (Tg), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto a vitrification mu ma spray dryer omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala otchuka kutentha. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a kutentha kwa galasi ndi kutentha kwa amorphous phase conversion. Chochitika cha kusintha kwa galasi chinachitika mu shuga wolimba, wosasinthika, womwe unasinthidwa kukhala gawo lofewa la rabara lamadzimadzi. Mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi galasi lolimba zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa pamwamba ndipo sizimamatira pamalo olimba opanda mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa cha momwe galasi limakhalira ndi rabara (kapena madzi), pamwamba pa zinthuzo pakhoza kukwezedwa, ndipo kuyanjana pakati pa molekyulu ndi pamwamba kolimba kungayambe. Pa ntchito zowumitsa chakudya, chinthucho chimakhala mu mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi kapena womatira, ndipo chakudya chamadzimadzi/chomatira chomwe chimachotsa pulasitiki (madzi) chimakhala galasi. Ngati zinthu zopangira chakudya sizisintha kuchokera kutentha kwakukulu kouma kuposa kutentha kwagalasi, chinthucho chidzakhala ndi vitrification yambiri yamphamvu. Ngati chakudya chamtunduwu chikhudzidwa ndi malo olimba amphamvu kwambiri, chidzamamatira kapena kumamatira.

Kulamulira kukhuthala 

Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zochepetsera kukhuthala. Njira zoyambira zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zimaphatikizapo zipangizo zokhala ndi zowonjezera zowumitsa madzi kuti ziwonjezere kutentha kunja kwa kusintha kwa vitrification, ndipo njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zimaphatikizapo makoma ndi pansi pa chipinda cha makina.