Umitsire chowumitsira choumitsa choyambirira chomwe chimatsogolera kumamatira… Momwe mungadzitetezere

Umitsire chowumitsira choumitsa choyambirira chomwe chimatsogolera kumamatira… Momwe mungadzitetezere

Zakudya zowuma zowumitsidwa zimagawika m'magulu awiri: zosamata komanso zomata. Zosakaniza zosamata ndizosavuta kupopera zouma ndi zojambula zosavuta zowumitsira ndi ufa womaliza waufulu. Zitsanzo za zinthu zopanda viscous ndi mazira a ufa, mkaka wa ufa, maltodextrins monga yankho, chingamu, ndi mapuloteni. Pankhani ya zakudya zomata, pali zovuta zowumitsa pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino yowumitsa utsi. Zakudya zomata nthawi zambiri zimamamatira kumakoma owumitsira kapena kukhala zakudya zomata zopanda ntchito m'zipinda zowumitsira ndi zoyendera zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso zokolola zochepa. Zakudya za shuga ndi zokhala ndi asidi ndi zitsanzo.

Kumamatira ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimakumana nacho pakuyanika kwazakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapopera shuga ndi asidi. Powder tack ndi chinthu chogwirizana chomata. Itha kufotokozedwa potengera kuphatikizika kwa tinthu-tinthu (kuphatikizana) ndi kumatira kwa khoma (kumatira). Muyeso wa mphamvu yomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamanga ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zake zamkati zomwe zimadziwika kuti kugwirizana, kupanga zotupa mu bedi la ufa. Chifukwa chake mphamvu yofunikira kuti mudutse ma agglomerate a ufa iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yolumikizana. Adhesion ndi interfacial katundu, chizolowezi cha ufa particles kutsatira makoma a kutsitsi kuyanika zida. Kugwirizana ndi kumamatira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kuyanika ndi kuyanika. Pamwamba zikuchokera ufa particles makamaka ndi udindo adhesion vuto. The kugwirizana ndi kumamatira zikhalidwe za ufa tinthu padziko zipangizo ndi osiyana. Chifukwa kuyanika kumafuna kuchuluka kwa solute kutengerapo pa tinthu tating'ono, ndikochuluka. Makhalidwe awiri a viscous (kugwirizana ndi kumamatira) amatha kukhala limodzi muzakudya zouma zouma shuga. Kumamatira pakati pa particles ndi mgwirizano ndi mapangidwe milatho zokhazikika madzi, kusuntha madzi milatho, makina interlocking pakati mamolekyu ndi mphamvu yokoka electrostatic ndi milatho olimba. Ndi kuyanika chipinda khoma ufa particles amamatira makamaka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zinthu mu kutsitsi kuyanika shuga ndi asidi zakudya zakudya. Ufa zinthu pamene anapitiriza yaitali mu khoma kuyanika imfa.

Zifukwa za Kusuta:

Kuthira Shuga ndi Zakudya Zambiri Zowumitsa Powder Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowumitsa utsi, shuga wocheperako wa maselo (shuga, fructose) ndi ma organic acid (citric, malic, tartaric) ndizovuta kwambiri. Mayamwidwe amadzi apamwamba, thermoplasticity, ndi kutentha kwa magalasi otsika (Tg) tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timathandizira pavuto lamakama. Thirani kutentha kowuma pamwamba pa Tg 20 ° C, zosakaniza izi nthawi zambiri zimapanga tinthu ting'onoting'ono tofewa pa malo omata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ufawo umamatire ndipo umakhala wofanana ndi phala m'malo mwa ufa. Kuyenda kwamphamvu kwa mamolekyu otere kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa magalasi otsika (Tg), komwe kumabweretsa zovuta zomata pamatenthedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika muzowumitsira kupopera. The galasi kusintha kutentha ndi khalidwe lalikulu la amorphous gawo kusintha kutentha. Kusintha kwa galasi kumachitika pamene shuga wolimba, amorphous, amasintha kukhala rubbery yofewa, gawo lamadzimadzi. Mphamvu zapamwamba, galasi lolimba limakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo silimamatira ku malo otsika olimba. Chifukwa cha kusintha kuchokera ku galasi la galasi kupita ku dziko la rubbery (kapena madzi), zinthu zakuthupi zimatha kukwezedwa, ndipo kuyanjana kwa maselo ndi olimba kungayambe. Mu ntchito yowumitsa chakudya, mankhwalawa amakhala amadzimadzi kapena omangika, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa plasticizer (madzi) chakudya chamadzimadzi / chomangika chimakhala chagalasi. Chakudyacho chikhalabe champhamvu kwambiri ngati chakudyacho sichisintha kuchokera kutentha kwambiri kowuma kuposa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa vitrification. Ngati chakudya ichi chikukhudzana ndi malo olimba ndi mphamvu zambiri chimamamatira kapena kumamatira.

Kuwongolera Viscosity:

Pali zida zingapo zasayansi ndi njira zopangira njira zochepetsera kukhuthala. Njira zasayansi zozikidwa pazida zikuphatikizapo zinthu zolemetsa za ma molekyulu amadzimadzi zowumitsa zoonjezera kutentha kupitirira kusintha kwa galasi, ndi njira zozikidwa pa makoma, zapansi, ndi zina zotero za zipinda zamakina.