Kupopera choumitsira chopopera mu chowumitsira choyambirira chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chomata… Momwe mungayang'anire

Kupopera choumitsira chopopera mu chowumitsira choyambirira chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chomata… Momwe mungayang'anire

Zakudya zouma pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zosamata ndi zomata. Zosakaniza zosamata zimakhala zosavuta kuzipopera pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osavuta oumitsira ndi ufa womaliza womasuka. Zitsanzo za zinthu zosamata ndi monga mazira a ufa, mkaka wa ufa, maltodextrins monga yankho, chingamu, ndi mapuloteni. Pankhani ya zakudya zomata, pali mavuto ouma pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino youma pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera. Zakudya zomata nthawi zambiri zimamatira kumakoma a zouma kapena zimakhala zakudya zomata zopanda ntchito m'zipinda zouma ndi m'magalimoto okhala ndi mavuto ogwirira ntchito komanso zokolola zochepa. Zakudya zokhala ndi shuga ndi asidi ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino.

Kumamatira ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika nthawi youma zinthu zomwe zimapakidwa shuga ndi asidi zomwe zimapakidwa nthawi zambiri. Kumata kwa ufa ndi chinthu chomamatirira pamodzi. Chingathe kufotokozedwa motsatira kugwirizana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kugwirizana) ndi kugwirizana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kugwirizana). Muyeso wa mphamvu yomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa timamangirana ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake amkati omwe amadziwika kuti mgwirizano, ndikupanga ziphuphu mu bedi la ufa. Chifukwa chake mphamvu yomwe imafunika kuti ipyole ma agglomerate a ufa iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yogwirizana. Kumamatira ndi chinthu cholumikizana, chizolowezi cha tinthu ta ufa kumamatira kumakoma a zida zoumitsira zopopera. Kugwirizana ndi kumamatira ndi magawo ofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe ouma ndi kuumitsa. Kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa ndi komwe kamayambitsa vuto la kumamatira. Kugwirizana ndi kumamatira kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa ndizosiyana. Chifukwa kuyanika kumafuna kusamutsa kwakukulu kwa solute kupita pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kwakukulu. Makhalidwe awiri olimba (kugwirizana ndi kumamatira) amatha kukhalapo m'zinthu zouma zouma ndi shuga. Kugwirizana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kupangidwa kwa milatho yamadzimadzi yokhazikika, milatho yosuntha yamadzimadzi, kulumikizana kwa makina pakati pa mamolekyulu ndi mphamvu yokoka yamagetsi ndi milatho yolimba. Pouma chipinda, tinthu ta ufa wa khoma timamatira makamaka chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zinthu mu kupopera kwa shuga ndi zakudya zokhala ndi asidi. Zinthu za ufa zikasungidwa nthawi yayitali pakhoma, zimatayika.

Zifukwa za Kutupa:

Kubwezeretsanso Ufa wa Shuga ndi Zakudya Zolemera za Acid Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wouma wa spray, shuga wochepa wa mamolekyulu (shuga, fructose) ndi ma organic acid (citric, malic, tartaric) ndizovuta kwambiri. Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono awa amayamwa madzi ambiri, kutentha kwa thermoplasticity, ndi kutentha kochepa kwa kusintha kwa galasi (Tg) amathandizira vuto la kumamatira. Kutentha kouma kwa spray pamwamba pa Tg 20°C, zosakaniza izi nthawi zambiri zimapanga tinthu tofewa pamalo omata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ufawo umamatire ndikutha ndi kapangidwe konga phala m'malo mwa ufa. Kusuntha kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu otere kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kotsika kwa kusintha kwa galasi (Tg), komwe kumabweretsa mavuto omata pa kutentha komwe nthawi zambiri kumadziwika mu zouma zouma. Kutentha kwa kusintha kwa galasi ndiye khalidwe lalikulu la kutentha kwa kusintha kwa gawo lopanda mawonekedwe. Chochitika cha kusintha kwa galasi chimachitika pamene shuga wolimba, wosasintha mawonekedwe, umasanduka gawo lofewa la rabara, lamadzimadzi. Mphamvu ya pamwamba, galasi lolimba limakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa pamwamba ndipo silimamatira pamalo olimba opanda mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa cha kusintha kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wa galasi kupita ku mkhalidwe wa rabara (kapena wamadzimadzi), pamwamba pa zinthuzo pakhoza kukwezedwa, ndipo kuyanjana kwa mamolekyu ndi pamwamba pamphamvu kungayambe. Pa ntchito yowumitsa chakudya, chinthucho chimakhala mu mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi kapena wolumikizidwa, ndipo chifukwa chochotsa pulasitiki (madzi), chinthu chamadzimadzi/cholumikizidwa chimakhala ngati galasi. Chakudyacho chidzakhalabe chokhuthala ngati chakudyacho sichisintha kutentha kwambiri kuposa kusintha kwa kutentha kwa vitrification. Ngati chakudyachi chikakhudzana ndi malo olimba omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, chimamatira kapena kumamatira.

Kulamulira kukhuthala:

Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera kukhuthala kwa zinthu ndi njira zochepetsera kukhuthala kwa zinthu. Njira zochepetsera kukhuthala kwa zinthu zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera zowumitsa madzi zomwe zimawonjezera kutentha kupitirira kusintha kwa galasi, ndipo njira zochepetsera kukhuthala kwa zinthu zimaphatikizapo makoma, pansi, ndi zina zotero za zipinda zamakanika.